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What are the 5 Important Types of Globalization?
The impacts of globalization are multi-dimensional. It affects worldwide societies in the aspects of Economic, Social, Political, Cultural, and environmental. There are the main 5 types of globalization. These are:
- Economic Globalization
- Social Globalization
- Cultural Globalization
- Political Globalization
- Environmental Globalization
1. Economic Globalization [Types of Globalization]
The concept of globalization as a whole is largely economic. Globalization has emerged and developed mainly as an economic concept and system.
Economic globalization is the economic connection of a country with the global economic system.
Globalization in the economic field is free economic adoption. This is to remove the regulatory rules imposed on a country’s economic affairs and to expose the domestic economy to the world.
Features of Economic Globalization
Prominent economist Peter Drucker in his New Realities, discusses the economic features of globalization. They are
- Due to globalization, international organizations have spread globally to make the entire world a mere production and product-service market.
- The main objective of the global economy is to maximize the market.
- Investment in the globalization process has become a trade, not an investment in the trade.
- Due to globalization, the power to make decisions is transferred from the national state to the regional alliances.
- In the globalization economy, the management system dominates as a component of production.
- Globalization is mainly driven by the transaction of money. Again, the existence of an individual response to these financial transactions is seen. Unproductive foreign capital creates adverse effects on the global market.
- In economic globalization, there is a process of almost spontaneous lending, finance, and investment throughout the world. Information beyond the borders of the national state organizes this process.
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2. Social Globalization [Types of Globalization]
It is another one of the important types of globalization. Social globalization is a process. As a result of this process, traditional social institutions become weak. The identity of the socialized people is renewed.
People are no longer members of a particular community or nation because of the new identity.
In the pre-modern world, the context of human identity was narrow and limited. In terms of family, ethnicity, tribe, village, religion, etc., the identity of individual people was determined.
The target population is also made up of the population of the state. As a member of the state, the identity of the citizenship or nationality of the people prevails.
According to the opinion of a group of sociologists, as the globalization process expands, the personal and collective identities of people become weaker.
Former identities of the past lose their importance. Relationships with people from distant places developed due to the development and expansion of new technologies, the expansion of business and communication systems, In this case, the Internet, e-mail, website, etc. opens up a new world in front of people.
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3. Cultural Globalization [Types of Globalization]
The process of cultural globalization is also sometimes called McDonaldization.
Cultural globalization is the process by which a world-class of goods, ideas, and information is produced in one part of the world. As a result, cultural differences between different races, regions, and individuals are removed.
The emergence and development of international or multinational companies and the emergence of global goods have partly driven the process of globalization.
The revolutionary development and expansion of information technology, the expansion of satellite-based communication systems, the Internet, the telecommunication infrastructure, and various global media corporations are highlighting the process of globalization.
However, as culture helps globalization, so does obstruction. As the elements or forces of globalization are enriched by culture, so is resistance.
Hollywood movies are screened worldwide. Adidas sports goods are sold around the world. The Coca-Cola market is worldwide. McDonald’s has demanded the world’s fast food market.
Such products are many and varied worldwide. But all these international brands have to do with the dignity of local culture and the touch of social customs.
4. Political Globalization [Types of Globalization]
Political ideology is often referred to as one of the characteristics of globalization. That is, the expression of globalization also occurs in political ideology.
The transformation of liberalism is called an example of political ideology in the process of globalization. Moreover, the emergence, development, and expansion of Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as an expression of political globalization; The role of the national states is to refer to the role of climate change and so on.
The expression of political globalization has occurred in international organizations. All these organizations exceed the national boundaries.
Extending the boundaries of the single state of the international organization extends to the international sphere of many states.
There are many and many international organizations in the present world. Most of these were formed in the aftermath of World War II. Notable examples of this are the United Nations Organization (UNO), the European Economic Community (EEC), the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), etc.
Theoretically, nation-states can take the initiative in organizing international organizations in a coherent and organized manner without sacrificing their sovereignty.
Transnational-state boundaries may force international institutions to impose their will on states.
5. Environmental Globalization [Types of Globalization]
Environmental globalization refers to internationally coordinated practices and regulations in the form of international treaties regarding environmental protection.
The growth of globalization and its impact on the global environment is an important concern to the world.
According to some environmentalists, there is no doubt that the tide of development that has come under the influence of globalization is actually polluting the environment. To them, globalization increases our consumption of a lot of products made through natural resources which is affecting the ecological cycle very badly.
Many think that industrialization is part of globalization and the process of industrialization has been increasing with the help of globalization. Due to industrialization harmful chemicals have been thrown to the environment and it affects the environment dangerously.
It can be easier to understand with an example. 2nd December 1984, in India, an accident occurred at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal (the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh).
This plant accidentally released almost 30 tons of highly toxic gas which is called methyl isocyanate and other poisonous gases as well. The gases were spread throughout its surrounding town populated with 600, 000 people and those gasses affect them very badly, around 15000 people founded death and till now those who effect direct or indirectly but alive have given birth to mentally or physically challenged children.
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Local people fought to clean up the places which affected but this process slowed when a Michigan-based company took over Union Carbide in 2001.
Globalization can increase our standard of living but decrease our standard of life polluting air, water, and other living things. So, environmental responsibility should be established throughout the globe.
In a positive sense, globalization also can decrease the bad effect on the environment by establishing a global regulating system to ensure environmental protection.
Sustainable Development and Environmental Globalization
10th September 2015, 193 countries gathered at UNO and launched a program called Sustainable Development Programme with 17 goals for the overall development of every human being on the planet by 2030.
Out of those 17 goals, the no 13 was Climate Change. It is said here that the rapid change of climate is a serious threat to the earth which is why every country should reduce its pollution by implementing several regulations.
WTO and Environmental Globalization
Although WTO has no specific agreement to deal with the environment it confirms the government’s right to protect the environment. That is why it has met some environmental measures while conducting business deals for sustainable development.
Out of several measures, the green provisions of the WTO refer to countries for the protection of human, animal, or plant life and safeguarding their exhaustible natural resources.
Let me share with you what you have learned from “5 Types of Globalization“.
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Author Name- Steve Smith John Baylis
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I have learned that this types of Globalization enables countries to access less expensive natural resources and lower cost labor. As a result, they can produce lower cost goods that can be sold globally. Proponents of globalization argue that it improves the state of the world in many ways, such as the following: Solves economic problems
*GLOBALIZATION IS AN HISTORICAL PROCESS THAT BEGAN WITH THE FIRST MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE OUT OF AFRICA INTO OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD.
I learned that globalization involves long-distance flow of goods, sevices and capital and the information and perception that accompanny market inhance.one example of economic globalization is low- wage production in asia fir the united states of european markets
This lesson is very important .. and I learned more about the topic.
I HAVE LEARNED THE IMPORTANT TYPE’S OF GLOBALIZATION ESPECIALLY THE DEFINITION AND THE HISTORICAL PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION.